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JADA Continuing Education

The Effects of Alveolar Bone Density

Purpose. The authors conducted a literature review to determine the effects of local alveolar bone density on clinical techniques designed to achieve primary implant stability.

Types of Studies Reviewed. The authors reviewed articles in the literature that addressed attaining primary stability of dental implants. They combined their findings with their own clinical experiences to produce the information provided in this article.

Results. The authors present practical information regarding bone density to delineate for clinicians instances in which modifications of the drilling protocol are needed. They also correlate measures to enhance primary stability with the alveolar bone density at the implantation site.

Clinical Implications. To enhance primary implant stability, modifications of the drilling protocol are necessary in different bone densities.

Key Words: Clinical protocols; dental implants

Abbreviations: D1: Dense cortical bone • D2: Dense-to-porous cortical bone and dense trabecular bone • D3: Porous cortical bone and fine trabecular bone • D4: Little cortical bone and fine trabecular bone • Td: Dense type • Tm: Medium type • Ts: Soft type