As the prevalence of dental caries decreases in industrialized nations like the United States, it simultaneously increases in developing nations and Third World countries. The decrease in the West is attributed to increased use of fluorides, but the increase in developing countries has been explained by an increase in the consumption of sugar. As this information continues to propel researchers to find sucrose substitutes, xylitol has been singled out as a proposed sucrose replacement. The question tackled by this study was: Can the daily use of chewing gum containing xylitol increase the efficacy of the existing caries-preventive measures now regularly used for 11- to 15-year-old children in most industrialized western countries?

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				M Uhari, T Kontiokari, M Koskela, and M. Niemela Xylitol chewing gum in prevention of acute otitis media: double blind randomised trial BMJ, November 9, 1996; 313(7066): 1180 - 1183. [Abstract] [Full Text]